Thus ancient ethicists typically addressed themselves to three related questions: (1) What does a good or flourishing human life consist of?, (2) What virtues are necessary to achieve it?, and (3) How does one acquire those virtues? We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. In fact, human beings are essentially the same the world over, only the details and customs differ, and the philosophies of eastern and western thinkers make this quite clear. Indeed, the character Socrates there develops a theory of political justice as a means of advancing the ethical discussion, drawing an analogy between the three parts of the soulReason, Spirit, and Appetiteand the three classes of an ideal state (i.e., city-state)Rulers, Soldiers, and Producers (e.g., artisans and farmers). The means by which happiness was acquired was through virtue. For both Plato and Aristotle, as for most ancient ethicists, the central problem of ethics was the achievement of happiness. Case Study: Where did the first Catholic Mass take place in the Philippines? pursuits. Question: What were Plato and Aristotle's similarities? Plato's second or middle period is comprised of works where he explores morality and virtue in individuals and society. The Greek philosopher Epictetus (l. c. 50-130 CE) said the same thing when he wrote, "It is not circumstances themselves that trouble people, but their judgments about those circumstances." I am currently studying aristotle and plato so this is a really welcome post. Unlike substantial forms, accidental forms may be lost or gained by a thing without changing its essential nature. At first, I was confused thinking that, bakit ba lagi nalang nila sinasabi yun?. That's a very interesting article. Aristotle said that man was a political animal by nature and thus could not avoid the challenges of politics. Maximize C = 6 x + 10 y subject to 5 x + 7 y 14 8 x + 6 y 16 and x 0, y 0. There is no division between eastern or western philosophy when it comes to the most basic questions of what it means to be a human being. On September 3 of 2018, we have passed a reflection regarding philosophers perspective about the self and here is the excerpt from my reflection. Plato then became the teacher of Aristotle who, although a long-term pupil, was able to find many faults in Platos theories and in fact became a great critic of his teacher. Our rationality develops as we grow older. He also provided powerful arguments in favor of religious toleration, Politics. leads a virtuous life. - How does..? long philosophical tradition of placing consciousness as the source of knowledge) and Diffen LLC, n.d. NAME OF PHILOSOPHERS SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES 1. without being provoked/interfered by others, WHAT IS SELF? These and several other treatises were collected in what was called the Corpus Aristotelicum and often served as the basis for hundreds of private and teaching libraries up to the 19th century. Answer: Primarily their dislike for the sceptic view that knowledge might be impossible. In-text citation: Diffen.com. I am still a Naturalist. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/855/similarities-between-eastern--western-philosophy/. the finest minds of past centuries. He was educated in a scholastic tradition which combined scholastic tradition with the Ponty posited that anything in this world had a rigorous methodic, and unrelenting All reality is composed of atoms in a void. In his view, politics functions more as an organism than as a machine, and the role of the polis was not justice or economic stability, but to create a space where its people could live a good life and perform beautiful acts. Your self is the essential part of your very nature which makes you For centuries, classical education assigned Plato's works as required reading, and The Republic was the premier work on political theory until the 19th century, admired not only for its views, but also for its elegant prose. He would preside over it until his death around 348 B.C. He also postulated that we should doubt. Thank you! Aristotle refuted Platos definition, believing it to be unclear and illogical in claiming that a chair can be understood to be a chair due to its relationship with a form existing outside of time and space. Tutored privately as all aristocratic children were, Aristotle trained first in medicine. The Korean philosopher Wonhyo (l. 617-686 CE) wrote, "Thinking makes good and bad" meaning that if you think something is 'bad' then it is bad to you. http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/a-comparison-on-the-similar-views-of-socrates-and-augustine-BMfM0Olb Be sure to capitalize proper nouns (e.g. Need we ask anyone to tell us these things?" Aristotle raises the question of how something which existed beyond time and space can have a connection with those particulars which exist within time and space. It is St. Augustine who believes that Knowing God is a way of knowing oneself. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. For Rene Descartes suggests that there are two dimensions of the self: the self as a thinking entity and the self as a physical body. All that must be taught is how to apply that innate knowledge appropriately, in the same way that a child is taught the appropriate way to ask for food. Just as a child knows when it is hungry, a person knows how to be good. Gilbert Ryle: The Self is the Way People Behave. God made us, so through knowing and continuously communicating with Him through prayer, we slowly develop ourselves. However, their precise definitions of form did differ. He reasoned that existence. Similarities and Differences of Various Philosophers of Ancient and Modern World PHILOSOPHERS DIFFERENCES SIMILARITIES ANCIENT OR GREEK PLATO Plato's discourse is about on fulfilment of oneself by having these 4 ideas; knowing the self, let your lover change you and reform the society. morals (the science of the embodied mind.). person is a being characterized by consciousness, rationality, and a moral sense, and Aristotle had a more rational approach than Plato. So, may be human appendix had purpose but not anymore. No infant is ever taught that it 'should' be hungry, and no child is ever instructed in making their need for food known to adults. But each man's influence moved in different areas after their deaths. In other fields of study, such as medicine and geology, Aristotle brought new ideas and observations, and though many of his ideas were later discarded, they served to open lines of inquiry for others to explore. ways. We cannot see both of them but feel. He also empahasized on the saying :I think therefore I am which means that a rational thinking person and being self concious is the proof that there is a self. - Similar toMAURICE MERLEAUPONTY, Sigmund Freud uses Consciousness as a dynamic that is a primary contributor to the existence of the SELF. He became a student of Socrates, but his studies with the Greek master were interrupted by the Peloponnesian War, which pit Athens against Sparta. possessions of human beings and life the pursuit of should be spent in the search of. Lastly, Spirit or Passion is composed of the basic emotions that the self encounters. We may be socially developed also but, majority on our self is all in us. According to Aristotle, states may be classified according to the number of their rulers and the interests in which they govern. While Plato is quite well known in the west, Wang Yangming is less so, even though he is as famous as Plato in China, Korea, and Japan. Compare and contrast the 10 philosophical perspectives in defining self.docx, Central Philippine University - Jaro, Iloilo City, Philosophical Perspective on the Self.docx. QUESTIONS THAT PROBE IMPLICATIONS AND CONSEQUENCES Related Content Why The SELF emerges, according to Socrates, when humans possess certain virtues and Aristotle believed that wisdom was virtuous, but that achieving virtue was neither automatic nor did it grant any unification (acquiring) of other virtues. We learn and grow from it., Your email address will not be published. How can you sustain the impact to make a more significant contribution to your community? different from everyone else and everything else. I might have replied that if I could take a p. Q: "What are the similarities of Freud and Plato?" To him, the world was like a cave, and a person would only see shadows cast from the outside light, so the only reality would be thoughts. The self constructs its own reality which actively produces a world that is predictable to him/her. - How does.. to everyday life? His Republic described a utopian society where each of the three classes (philosophers, warriors, and workers) had its role, and governance was kept in the hands of those deemed best qualified for that responsibility, those of the "Philosopher Rulers." We experience ups and downs in life and these sufferings, struggles, happiness and laughters are those that construct us. The good life is therefore the rational activity of the soul, as guided by the virtues. If you read this far, you should follow us: "Aristotle vs Plato." 2012 Jade Gracie Comments U S Adam on March 06, 2019: This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. the kind of being that has the moral right to make its own life-choices and to live its life without being provoked/interfered by others While both philosophers' works are considered less theoretically valuable in modern times, they continue to have great historical value. His astronomical treatises argued for stars separate from the sun, but remained geocentric, an idea that would take Copernicus would later overthrow. But there are dissimilarities more obvious than similaritiessuch as that Augustine was an avid writer as w. Your email address will not be published. Socrates' ethics were based on something of a knowledge/ignorance dichotomy. The end result is his philosophy of idealism, wherein the truest essence of things occurs in thought, not reality. For Plato, thought experiments and reasoning would be enough to "prove" a concept or establish the qualities of an object, but Aristotle dismissed this in favor of direct observation and experience. This definition placed Aristotelian ethics on a practical plane, rather than the theoretical one espoused by Socrates and Plato. The empiricist argument that there is a lack of evidence for innate knowledge cannot be supported by empirical facts; a person must be aware that they should pursue something before they can pursue it. Plato's The Apology, where he discusses the trial of execution and his teacher, is included in this period. motivated by seeking pleasure. (Enchiridion, I:v) Epictetus says that one should not even fear death because one does not know whether death is a good or a bad thing. Socrates believed that happiness could be achieved without virtue, but that this happiness was base and animalistic. "Similarities Between Eastern & Western Philosophy." document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); A first year B.S Chemical Engineering student continuously searching and completing for herself. Plato became the primary Greek philosopher based on his ties to Socrates and Aristotle and the presence of his works, which were used until his academy closed in 529 A.D.; his works were then copied throughout Europe. David Hume professed the same philosophy with John Locke. Plato's works can be roughly divided into three periods. Physical Appetite is the basic needs of a person, hunger, thirst and sexual desires. Examining the nature of being, and knowing what kinds of things exist, is a sensible beginning point for philosophical, Which of the following statements about the atomistic worldview is FALSE? thanks for all of these facts and point of views it really explains what the 2 thought about and how everything works. changed his mind. The adherence to using Aristotle as "the final word" on many subjects curtailed true observation and experimentation, a fault that lies not with Aristotle, but with the use of his works. He believes that the self emerges as one accumulates recurring experiences as such that - MECHANICS 12 philosophers namely; Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, St. Augustine, Rene des Cartes, Locke, Hume, Kant, Freud, Ryle, Churchland, and Merleau-Ponty, They differently have beliefs that self is different from the body and soul; soul is synonymous with the self; that the interpret and responds to his environment based on their personal opinions and To the Aristotelian method, the obvious solution is to walk out of the cave and experience what is casting light and shadows directly, rather than relying solely on indirect or internal experiences. allowing other people to think or practice other religions and beliefs. Understanding the philosophical underpinnings of the formation of the Self allows us to develop The third period of Plato's writings mainly discusses the role of arts, along with morality and ethics. In Plato's Meno, Socrates praises a slave who knows geometry although he has never been taught it. His early period featured much of what is known about Socrates, with Plato taking the role of the dutiful student who keeps his tutor's ideas alive. examine the concepts like justice and goodness. After Alexander conquered Athens, Aristotle returned to that city and set up a school of his own, known as the Lyceum. of the human body), mechanics (the science of machine) and To enhance ones self one can read good books to be able to carry conversations with The popular writer Sankara Saranam, author of the book God Without Religion, is one example of this when he claims that eastern philosophy is concerned with general knowledge while western philosophy aims at specific knowledge. His wit and modest character were widely known and he had a long-standing We slowly get to know who we are but, we arent aware of it, being unconscious that we are getting better by each day. Cite This Work Knowledge consists of a special kind of relationship between different ideas. TYPES OF SOCRATIC QUESTIONS Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Both men believed that virtue was the highest goal one could strive for and that lasting rewards came to a person who put virtue above worldly possessions. Philosophers from the east have always been engaged in exactly the same pursuit as their counterparts in the west. It could, He has brought an entirely new perspective, penetrate the nature of reasoning process, about the self- of being self-conscious is in, thoughtfully, he will realize that there are, two dimensions of human self; (1) the self, as a thinking entity (soul) and (2) the self, University of San Jose - Recoletos Main Campus - Magallanes St., Cebu City. Similarities between Beliefs and Philosophies from the World. In particular, the Rulers understand not only the good of the state but, necessarily, the Good itself, the result of years of rigorous training to prepare them for their leadership role. This allegory displays Platos feelings about how his teacher, Socrates, had been treated for attempting to enlighten his pupils. time. metaphysics, physics and other sciences. Aristotle rejected Platos theory of Forms but not the notion of form itself. Everything that exists is either an atom or a collection of atoms. Plato influenced Aristotle, just as Socrates influenced Plato. In this same way, Wang Yangming advocates for the supremacy of intuition in moral matters. Is there a truth to it? goodness. PHILOSOPHERS VIEW ABOUT THE SELF THE PHILOSOPHICAL SELF WHAT IS A HUMAN PERSON? continually questioning, obtaining answers, and criticizing the answers. He argues that the concepts and theoretical vocabulary. Plato portrayed him as the foremost In The Theory of Forms and other works, Plato states that only ideas are constant, that the world perceived by senses is deceptive and changeable. Plato's most famous work, The Republic, which was his vision of a utopian society, was written during this period. Considered to be a brilliant student, in 367 B.C. Most of these works are written in the form of dialogues, using the Socratic Method (asking questions to explore concepts and knowledge) as the basis for teaching. The struggle is also portrayed as a worthwhile act, as the person freed now knows reality and not merely the shadow of it. One could compare the fundamental ideas of the great Chinese philosopher Confucius (l. 551-479 BCE) with those of the Greek philosopher Aristotle (l. 384-322 BCE) and find they are presenting the same basic concepts. an understanding and enjoyment of things, the absence of which, impoverishes many lives. For John Locke, concious awareness and memory of precious experiences are the keys to understanding his self. Socrates and Plato: Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher whose teachings and philosophies were never scribed by himself but are derived from the accounts of. The link between Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle is most obvious when it comes to their views on ethics. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Macbeth) in the essay title portion of your citation. Though his method has been modified over time, the general process remains the same. And, such life is spent in the search of goodness to be better and World History Encyclopedia. < >, The reference to Plato's 2nd letter, concerning Plato's dialogues representing a "Socrates cleansed and beautified" or "beautified and rejuvenated" (somce translations say "modernized") is not at 341c, but, rather, 314c. If learning were to require asceticism, then it would suggest that humans are not meant to or did not have the capacity to know or learn these things. There is no difference in their fundamental ideas. each other. Mark, Emily. His most important works, copied hundreds of times by hand throughout ancient and medieval times, were titled: Physics; De Anima (On the Soul); Metaphysics; Politics; and Poetics. Despite his criticisms though, Aristotle was influenced by Plato, making their works, which target the same aspects of philosophy, easily comparable. Plato challenges himself and his ideas in this period , exploring his own conclusions with self-debate. His view of everything having a purpose would suggest that the human body itself has a purpose, which allows it to accommodate what humans should be able to have knowledge of. )), The Law on Obligations and Contracts (Hector S. De Leon; Hector M. Jr De Leon), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Principios de Anatomia E Fisiologia (12a. Similarities and Differences of Various Philosophers of Ancient and Modern World, Platos discourse is about on fulfilment of oneself by, having these 4 ideas; knowing the self, let your lover. Answer: Primarily their dislike for the sceptic view that knowledge might be impossible. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. This means that to know the good is to do the good, i.e., that knowing the right thing to do will lead to one automatically doing the right thing; this implied that virtue could be taught by teaching someone right from wrong, good from evil. The similarities between eastern and western philosophy are greater than any differences cited by modern-day writers and lecturers on the topic. Plato and Augustine shared dissimilar views on the role of philosophy as a means of comprehending the afterlife. By happiness (the usual English translation of the Greek term eudaimonia), they did not mean a pleasant state of mind but rather a good human life, or a life of human flourishing. Some of his writings touch on biology and astronomy, but few of his efforts truly expanded the body of knowledge at the time. Socrates vs. Plato elements the appetitive , rational and spirited . 2006). Books Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Forms. - What would be an example for that? He considered returning to Athens to pursue a career in politics when the oligarchy was overthrown, but the execution of Socrates in 399 B.C. In this allegory, the human condition is likened to being trapped in a cave facing the back wall, only able to see shadows and unaware that there is anything else in the world. Egypt) and titles (e.g. Black Beauty is a horse attributes a substantial form, horse, to a certain thing, the animal Black Beauty, and without that form Black Beauty would not exist. The answers are [citation needed] The self is sometimes understood as a unified being essentially connected to consciousness, awareness, and agency. talk about their similarities and differences, and then choose Descartes's method regarding Rationalism. Find the optimal solution for the following problem. He presents lengthy discussions on justice, wisdom, courage, as well as the duality of power and responsibility. His mentor, Socrates (the main character in Phaedrus, as in the majority of Plato's works) asks this question of his comrade Phaedrus regarding the quality of writing. The idea of personal identity is a result of imagination. However, Aristotles belief that everything has a purpose also leaves doubts, as there are examples of things in nature which do not have a purpose such as the human appendix. QUESTIONS FOR CLARIFICATIONS They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. indivisible. In succession, Socrates taught Plato, and Plato taught Aristotle. Aristotle recognized both intellectual virtues, chiefly wisdom and understanding, and practical or moral virtues, including courage and temperance. experiences. Plato (c. 428c. GENERAL MATHEMATICS GRADE 11 ANSWERS WEEK 1-10, The KKK and The Kartilya ng Katipunan by Emilio Jacinto, WEEK 1- Komunikasyon AT Pananaliksik SA WIKA AT Kulturang Pilipino, Accounting quiz (Introduction to accounting), The Life and Work of Rizal - Significance of Rizal Law, Conceptual Framework (Qualitative Characteristics), English-for-academic-and-professional-purposes-quarter-2-module-2 compress, 1. cblm-participate-in-workplace-communication, Activity 1 Solving the Earths Puzzle ELS Module 12, University of Negros Occidental-Recoletos. The change that it is to undergo is contained within the knowledge of its form. It spawned what was called the "Peripatetic School," for their habit of walking around as part of their lectures and discussions. Mark, Emily. It is our reason, physical, appetite and spirit or passion that is the elements of our, selves which are in a dynamic relationship with one, Socrates has dealt on the achievement of ones self to. Also, he was trained by renowned teachers during his He also said that virtue cannot be taught, similar to how successful Self uses the categories of mind to filter, order, relate, organize, and synthesize sensations into a unified whole. At the request of Philip of Macedon, he returned to Macedonia in 338 B.C. Scholars are divided over the question of whether the Laws indicates that Plato changed his mind about the value of democracy or was simply making practical concessions in light of the limitations of human nature. I believe that not knowing God wont help us know who we are. A comparison on the similar views of socrates and augustine. Both philosophers acknowledged that the self was integral to the origin on the knowledge. Read More. Wang's and Plato's philosophies have been attacked by empiricists for a lack of evidence, but what these two philosophers are contending makes sense on a very basic level: one must know what is good in order to pursue what is good, and this knowledge of the good must be innate in order for people to have the desire to pursue it in the first place. 12 philosophers namely; Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, St. Augustine, Rene des Cartes, Locke, Hume, Kant, Freud, Ryle, Churchland, and Merleau-Ponty, They differently have beliefs that self is different from the body and soul; soul is synonymous with the self; that the body and soul are one thing; that knowing God is the way of knowing self; self-consciousness is the proof of self; that there is no self; and a lot more. They do both hold similar ideas in some form but their philosophical methodologies lead to conflicting viewpoints. This is perhaps because Descartes himself rejected the methods of the old school, which had been founded upon the methods of Socrates. Modern-day scholarship often makes a serious, and arbitrary, distinction between the two which is unnecessary and erects an artificial boundary between the two traditions. For example, a Beauty Particular such as Helen of Troy is physical and accessible to the senses. Different perspective of self implies to all of us because we continuously develop throughout the years, Some of these philosophers beliefs relates to how I understand the self. the body could be divided up by removing a leg or arm, but the mind or soul were we use to think about our selvesusing such terms as belief, desire, fear, sensation, pain, joyactually misrepresent the reality of minds and selves. Further, they argue, humans must recognize what is not good in order to reject it, and therefore do not need to be taught goodness but only be directed or educated to act on their innate knowledge of the good. World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. When Alexander died, Athens took arms and overthrew its Macedonian conquerors. While Augustine offered individual ways to cognize God, Aquinas presented logical proofs that God exists. QUESTIONS ABOUT THE QUESTION The term Ancient Chinese Philosophy refers to the belief systems Protagoras of Abdera (l. c. 485-415 BCE) is considered the greatest Aristotle of Stagira (l. 384-322 BCE) was a Greek philosopher who Taoism (also known as Daoism) is a Chinese philosophy attributed Yong Huang: A Neo-Confucian Conception of Wisdom: Wang Yangming on the Innate Moral Knowledge, Similarities Between Eastern & Western Philosophy, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Plato believed that concepts had a universal form, an ideal form, which leads to his idealistic philosophy. In his Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle held that happiness is the practice of philosophical contemplation in a person who has cultivated all of the intellectual and moral virtues over much of a lifetime. (LogOut/ different types of substances and that they interact with each other. Self regulates experience by making unified experiences possible. material wealth. Answer (1 of 4): Q: "What are the similarities of Freud and Plato?" I have come across more than one intelligent person who dismisses the existence of the Unconscious on the basis that they will accept it only when I can show them a photograph of it. Today,. Wang would agree with Plato that anyone can recognize what is good and not good regarding morality. a complete and individual personality, especially one that somebody recognizes
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