January 12, 2023. If the index you are using provides article summaries, read these to determine how useful the articles are likely to be. If you believe an older adult in your life has been the target of a scam, contact the National Elder Fraud Hotline at 8333728311. Regardless of the industry you work in, you may be asked to assist in developing materials for publication. For additional information on citing different sources, see Chapter 13 APA and MLA Documentation and Formatting. Many websites will ask you ahead of time if you want to accept cookies, but others may not. An official website of the National Institutes of Health, Division of Behavioral and Social Research, Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, Training Opportunities for Special Populations, Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Funding Announcements, Alzheimers & Related Dementias Press Kit, National Advisory Council on Aging (NACA), Advances in Aging and Alzheimer's Research, How To Find Reliable Health Information Online, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (HHS). Include all the information you would for any other book. Choosing the format that works best for you will ensure your notes are organized, complete, and accurate. The importance of information - Author: David Kaye. Credible communication is key in business success and that is why you should not just grab any information off the internet. Bias refers to favoritism or prejudice toward a particular person or group. Now it is time to conduct a more focused, systematic search for informative primary and secondary sources. Once you know the trick to identifying reliable information, you can quickly determine if what youre reading is accurate or not. Now is a good time to get a little ruthless. On the other hand, a research paper on elementary education practices might refer to studies published decades ago by influential child psychologists. But any solution is going to cost money. Mass-market publications, such as newspapers and popular magazines, differ from scholarly publications in their accessibility, audience, and purpose. You can reach all federal websites by visiting www.usa.gov. When you search for periodicals, be sure to distinguish among different types. At this point in your research process, you may Some websites may allow you to use a phrase as well. Before you download or use an app, make sure you know who produced it. Read the websites privacy policy. Look for health care professionals or scientific researchers with in-depth knowledge of the topic. Research. 3. Now that you have planned your research project, you are ready to begin the research. In short, it helps you stay engaged with the material instead of simply copying and pasting. You do not remember the URLs for some of the websites you used or the dates you accessed theminformation that also must be included in your bibliography. What is an Associate to Bachelors in Nursing? Important information when preparing the company's business plan, for example, includes sources of forecasts about the general economy and the growth of the industry. Reference works provide a summary of information about a particular topic. Searching for academic sources, students should remember about the validity and reliability of the information. Be cautious about websites claiming any single remedy will cure many different illnesses. Is the source of the authors information clear? Identify strategies for locating relevant print and electronic resources efficiently. Mobile medical applications (apps) are a type of software you can install and run on your smartphone. Is the website owner or sponsor a federal agency, medical school, hospital, or large professional or nonprofit organization, or is it related to one of these? Find out here. Knowing the most-used terms will help you speed up your keyword search. Is the website secure? Use quotation marks to set off any words for phrases taken directly from the original text. Some of these resources are also widely available in electronic format. WebAs there is so much information available and because such information can be published quickly and easily by anybody and at any time, it is important that you are vigilant in choosing reliable sources. The constant chirping of your smoke detector alerts you to change its batteries. n. credible information. Check the source of the information, and make sure the original author is credible. Guy Berger, director of freedom of expression and media development at UNESCO, told VOA the project is a response to the challenges to media viability linked to the way that the digital ecosystem has developed and, more urgently, by the COVID-19 pandemics impact on local economies.. Another way to identify useful keywords is to visit the Library of Congresss website at http://id.loc.gov/authorities. Informing is the primary purpose of a scholarly journal. Any advertisements on a site should be clearly marked as such. You may also wish to assign each source a code number to use when taking notes (1, 2, 3, or a similar system). In the next section, you will learn strategies for organizing and synthesizing the information you have found. As some emergency measures started to be used to restrict the media earlier this year, the IMS, which supports local media in countries affected by conflict or insecurity, reached out to its partners for insights on what they were facing. NIA scientists and other experts review this content to ensure it is accurate and up to date. (For more information on APA and MLA formatting, see Chapter 13 APA and MLA Documentation and Formatting. When you write your paper, you will present your conclusions about the topic supported by research. During a health Depending on your topic, you may rely on a general news index, a specialized index for a particular subject area, or both. But how can you tell whether a source is reliable? If a book or article is not especially relevant, put it aside. UNESCO will partner with a working group under the Forum on Information & Democracy an international entity founded by several independent organizations. A website that is maintained by a well-known, respected organization and regularly updated is more reputable than one created by an unknown author or group. Find out why your number is needed, how it will be used, and what will happen if you do not share this information. An article by the Ivey Business Journal supports this idea by expressing that trust is a key factor in building loyalty, increasing credibility, and supporting effective communication. Reliable Sources. For instance, an article about the role of beef in a healthy diet would be questionable if it were written by a representative of the beef industryor by the president of an animal-rights organization. For example, since Type II diabetes is also known as adult-onset diabetes, you could search, Websites maintained by businesses, universities, nonprofit organizations, or government agencies, Newspapers, magazines, and journals published on the web, Radio and television programs and other audio and video recordings. Limit results to scholarly works available online. One of our XQ Learner Outcomes is to help students become original thinkers: people who can make sense of conflicting knowledge, create ideas despite ambiguous and new situations, and critically analyze from different perspectives. Many older adults share a common concern: Can I trust the health information I find online? There are thousands of medical websites. Choosing trustworthy websites is an important step in gathering reliable health information. If your doctors office has a website, it may include a list of recommended links. For instance, an author may be biased against a certain political party and present information in a way that subtlyor not so subtlymakes that organization look bad. Save your search results. Recognize that any of these formats takes time and effort. As you read, begin gathering print and electronic resources, identify at least eight to ten sources by the time you finish the chapter, and begin taking notes on your research findings. Read the stories of Stevenson University Online students and alumni who have transformed their lives through education and get inspired to create your own success story! Writing for Success by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Paraphrasing as you take notes is usually a better strategy than copying direct quotations, because it forces you to think through the information in your source and understand it well enough to restate it. Never is access to information as important as at times when critical decisions are being made that will affect lives, livelihoods, and rights. ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. Reliable information must come from dependable sources. The creators of these publications assume that most of their readers are already familiar with the main topic of the journal. Reading and taking notes takes time and energy, so you will want to focus on the most relevant sources. Sometimes, however, a sources reliabilityor lack of itis not so obvious. Thats our real challenge in the 21st century. Lee E. Krahenbuhl, Communication Studies Program Coordinator. Continue to add sources to your working bibliography throughout the research process. Paraphrase ideas carefully, and check your paraphrased notes against the original text to make sure that you have restated the authors ideas accurately in your own words. (When you use secondary sources, look for sources that are not too removed from primary research.). You might want to keep this checklist by your computer. Bachelors to Masters Option Allows Students to Reap Rewards of Graduate Level Learning. Here are some of the ways you can use Boolean operators: With the expansion of technology and media over the past few decades, a wealth of information is available to you in electronic format. Throughout your research, record bibliographical information for each source as soon as you begin using it. Thats why its particularly important to get reliable information about what is happening and what you can do to protect yourself. This site allows you to search for a topic and see the related subject headings used by the Library of Congress, including broader terms, narrower terms, and related terms. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal government site. Older information isnt useless, but using the most current, evidence-based information is ideal. Beware of sources on the internet that look like reputable magazines, and newspapers, but don't have reliable content. No matter the research pattern, structure, and organization of a research paper, if its findings are considered unreliable, they will be unhelpful. Focus on finding and recording details that will help you answer your research questions. You may wish to record information using the formatting system of the American Psychological Association (APA) or the Modern Language Association (MLA), which will save a step later on. With the infinite amount of information online, it can be difficult to decipher what is true and accurate and what is not. When a dependable person says that theyll do something, makes a claim, or commits to a course of action, its happening. Read carefully, and notice how well the author presents and supports his or her statements. The goal of any trustworthy health information website is to provide accurate, current, and useful information versus trying to make a sale. What matters is that you keep materials in order; record bibliographical information you will need later; and take detailed, organized notes. We've been very conscious of the importance of fully understanding how COVID-19 has affected, in various different ways, the reality of our partners: media platforms, mainstream and new online media platforms, but also freedom of expression and press freedom organizations, Hjberg told VOA. Before you begin taking notes, take a moment to step back and think about your goal as a researcherto find information that will help you answer your research question. Library catalogs can help you locate book-length sources, as well as some types of nonprint holdings, such as CDs, DVDs, and audio books. Take careful notes and be ready to ask follow-up questions based on what you learn. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. With so many print and electronic media readily available, it is easy to overlook another valuable information resource: other people. It will also help you make connections between your notes and the research questions and subtopics you identified earlier. Always include source information so you know exactly which ideas came from which sources. Always use a strong password. Checklist 11.1 lists ten questions to ask yourself as a critical reader. Effective researchers make choices about which type of notes is most appropriate for their purpose. Determination of reliability involves judgement. The more you examine information, the more you will flex your judgment muscles and get better at distinguishing the reliable from the bogus information. 5. How close is the assertion to the primary source? The closer you are to the source of the information, the more reliable the information is. ), Heading summing up the main topic covered, Authors name, a source code, or an abbreviated source title, Full URL of any pages buried deep in a website. This includes bibliographic information about each source as well as summarized, paraphrased, or quoted information from the source. Beware: Misinformation is rampant Just as the number of people and countries affected by this new virus have spread, so have conspiracy theories and unfounded claims about it. Those with less formal education are also more likely to support it: Around two-thirds of those with a high school diploma or less (68%) favor the death penalty, compared with 63% of those with some college education, 49% of those with a bachelors degree and 44% of those with a postgraduate degree. To weed out unreliable, biased, outdated, and/or (If you prefer the latter option, many office software packages include separate programs for recording bibliographic information. Accurate information is crucial to nearly every professional and academic discipline because facts are the only way humans can ascertain truth. From medical science to philosophy, accurate information is essential to continue to build the human knowledge base. Want to create or adapt books like this? Also be wary of sites suggesting simple or unproven treatments for a disease. As a rule, health websites sponsored by federal government agencies are accurate sources of information. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on media globally, with increased censorship and harassment of journalists in many countries, but also a renewed awareness of the importance of reliable reporting, media experts say. Regardless of the format used, any notes you take should include enough information to help you organize ideas and locate them instantly in the original text if you need to review them. This means people are receiving confusing and misleading information and this can be dangerous. Use two-factor authentication when you can. Anyone online is able to publish and share information, even though it may be false. Many students find this process challenging, although it does get easier with experience. 70% of internet users have used the internet to look up the meaning of a scientific concept or term. Because knowledgeable professionals carefully review the content before publication, scholarly journals are far more reliable than much of the information available in popular media. When you download an app, it may ask for your location, your email, or other personal information. Make a list of five types of print resources you could use to find information about your research topic. Objective: It Cookies are small text files that enable a website to collect and remember information about your visit. While the chirping can be annoying, you know that your device needs to be operational in order to protect you and your family from a fire. For more information about source reliability, see Chapter 12 Writing a Research Paper. Knowing the right keywords can sometimes make all the difference in conducting a successful search. But some is not. Can I see how the author got from one point to another? Few sources present facts completely objectively. Continue gathering sources and taking notes. Other resourcesfor instance, many newspapers and magazinesmay be available in both print and electronic form. ), Table 11.5 Details for Commonly Used Source Types shows the specific details you should record for commonly used source types. These terms helped Jorge refine his search. Make sure quoted material is copied verbatim. An article published in 2002 about this topic will not provide current information. Read and trust reliable sources like the CDC and other reputable sources. Having accurate and timely information is critical to the decision-making process. Read quickly with your research questions and subtopics in mind. You will consider criteria such as the type of source, its intended purpose and audience, the authors (or authors) qualifications, the publications reputation, any indications of bias or hidden agendas, how current the source is, and the overall quality of the writing, thinking, and design. If the site name ends with .edu, it is most likely an educational institution. Sources used may include print sources, such as books and journals; electronic sources, such as websites and articles retrieved from databases; and human sources of information, such as interviews. With Not all sources found online are reliable, and many students need help in understanding how to find credible information in the pale of Dont enter sensitive information over public Wi-Fi. They cover protective measures, such as masking and distancing, and their effects on kids, age-based tips for parents working from home during the pandemic, multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), keeping kids safe at school, and preparing children for COVID-19 vaccination. Table 11.3 Tips for Skimming Books and Articles explains how to skim to get a quick sense of what topics are covered. Open-ended questions, rather than questions with simple yes-or-no answers, are more likely to lead to an in-depth discussion. Common sense will help you identify obviously questionable sources, such as tabloids that feature tales of alien abductions, or personal websites with glaring typos. Bias can lead an author to present facts selectively, edit quotations to misrepresent someones words, and distort information. WebGet complete punch-to-paycheck services with accurate time collection & easy scheduling. That doesnt mean you should avoid them. The different types of sources you will consult are written for distinct purposes and with different audiences in mind. Ask questions to determine each sources value. The target audience is also highly educated. Writers evaluate sources based on how relevant they are to the research question and how reliable their content is. The second question will help you find accurate, trustworthy sources. But the cost of poor data is pretty much evident. When in doubt, ask your health care provider about what you read. Seek out academic journals along with other resources. Other primary sources include the following: Secondary sources discuss, interpret, analyze, consolidate, or otherwise rework information from primary sources. Executives make larger, and high-level decisions about which direction to take the company in. WebEnsuring data reliability is one of the main objectives of data integrityinitiatives, which are also used to maintain data security, data quality, and regulatory compliance. To find print resources efficiently, first identify the major concepts and terms you will use to conduct your searchthat is, your keywords. For example: While many commercial websites do provide accurate, useful health information, it can be hard to distinguish this content from marketing and promotional materials in some cases. Interviews were conducted with 51 Australians contemplating or who had travelled for stem cell treatment. This security feature requires the use of two different types of personal information to log into your mobile devices or accounts. 1.4 Introduction to Writing: End-of-Chapter Exercises, 2.8 Writing Basics: End-of-Chapter Exercises, 3.9 Punctuation: End-of-Chapter Exercises, 4.7 Working with Words: End-of-Chapter Exercises, 5.3 Count and Noncount Nouns and Articles, 5.9 Help for English Language Learners: End-of-Chapter Exercises, 6.2 Effective Means for Writing a Paragraph, 6.3 Writing Paragraphs: End-of-Chapter Exercises, 7.4 Refining Your Writing: End-of-Chapter Exercises, 8.5 The Writing Process: End-of-Chapter Exercises, 9.1 Developing a Strong, Clear Thesis Statement, 9.4 Writing Introductory and Concluding Paragraphs, 9.5 Writing Essays: End-of-Chapter Exercises, 10.10 Rhetorical Modes: End-of-Chapter Exercises, 11.2 Steps in Developing a Research Proposal, 11.4 Strategies for Gathering Reliable Information, 11.5 Critical Thinking and Research Applications, 11.6 Writing from Research: End-of-Chapter Exercises, 12.1 Creating a Rough Draft for a Research Paper, 12.2 Developing a Final Draft of a Research Paper, 12.3 Writing a Research Paper: End-of-Chapter Exercises, 13.4 Using Modern Language Association (MLA) Style, 13.5 APA and MLA Documentation and Formatting: End-of-Chapter Exercises, 14.2 Incorporating Effective Visuals into a Presentation, 14.4 Creating Presentations: End-of-Chapter Exercises. While a journal article may advance an agenda or advocate a position, the content will still be presented in an objective style and formal tone. Jorge used the Library of Congress site to identify general terms he could use to find resources about low-carb dieting. Questions to ask before trusting a website, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, learn how to evaluate health information online, Learn about how to safely use public Wi-Fi networks, Participating in Activities You Enjoy As You Age, Getting Your Affairs in Order Checklist: Documents to Prepare for the Future, Hospitalization for infection linked to higher dementia risk, Five Ways to Get the Most Out of Your Doctor's Visit. Personal stories may be helpful and comforting, but not everyone experiences health problems the same way. (For detailed guidelines on summarizing, paraphrasing, and quoting, see Chapter 11 Writing from Research: What Will I Learn?, Section 11.6 Writing from Research: End-of-Chapter Exercises.). When you evaluate a source, you will consider the criteria previously discussed as well as your overall impressions of its quality. Create a unique password for each website and change it frequently. There is a spectrum of reliability. For example, if you were writing a paper about the First Amendment right to freedom of speech, the text of the First Amendment in the Bill of Rights would be a primary source. 5. Several other initiatives are working on the same issue so it made sense to cooperate, Berger said. Good information is essential for effective operation and decision making at all levels in businesses. If you are writing a research paper about reality television shows, you will need to use some reality shows as a primary source, but secondary sources, such as a reviewers critique, are also important. Nonfiction books provide in-depth coverage of a topic. Often, the date the information was created and reviewed or updated will appear at the bottom of the page. Smart researchers continually ask themselves two questions: Is this source relevant to my purpose? and Is this source reliable? The first question will help you avoid wasting valuable time reading sources that stray too far from your specific topic and research questions. Managers make decisions about which projects to prioritize. They are often written primarily to attract a large readership or present the authors opinions and are not subject to careful review. Are you looking to expand your communication skill set? Secure websites that collect personal information responsibly have an s after http in the start of their website addresses (https://) and often require that you create a username and password. The Importance of Operations & Maintenance Process Safety Management Training 05.1.2023. Social media is one way people share health information and news stories with each other. But, Hjberg said, the need for reliable information has reawakened the public to the importance of critical, reliable information.. Scholarly or academic journals are written for a much smaller and more expert audience. Whenever you consult a source, always think carefully about the authors or authors purpose in presenting the information. According to UGA Libraries, a reliable source will provide a thorough, well-reasoned theory, argument, etc. WebIn addition, there are many social networks on the internet too that can serve as sources of news. Are websites organized, easy to navigate, and free of clutter like flashing ads and unnecessary sound effects? We will be looking at the markets, audiences, regulations, as well as the business and journalistic practices of individual media outlets, Berger said, adding that they plan to have the research completed by the first half of 2021. Never use them as final sources. A single library may provide access to multiple periodical databases. You may be asking yourself, what source is best for me? Depending on the type of information you need, your sources may vary. Chapter 9: Writing Essays: From Start to Finish. Longevity and reputation are important factors that contribute to the reliability of books as a source of knowledge. Flip through the book and look for subtitles or key terms that correspond to your research. All courses are online, allowing you to continue working while pursuing your degree. 888-232-6348 (TTY)cdcinfo@cdc.govwww.cdc.gov, MedlinePlus
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