describe the structure of public service in nigeria

These are presented to the ministers and commissioners for consideration and final decisions. Email: info@ea-journals.org USIP hosted discussions in 2020 with the Nigerian ministers of foreign affairs and humanitarian affairs and senior U.S. policymakers. 0000005608 00000 n Senior civil servants are regarded as the professional advisers to those who formulate state policy. This article discusses the growth of public administration through history as well as its development under different political systems. The Nigerian Civil Service is a body of people that provide services for the federal government of Nigeria. %%EOF It finally recommends that penal sanctions and punishment alone are not enough to curb public misconduct, there has to be patriotism, honesty, integrity, commitment, dedication and above all fear of God on the part of the general public and public officers in particular. The civil service is characterised by very strict adherence to established rules and regulations; this sometimes causes delays in the implementation of government policies and programmes. Don't want to keep filling in name and email whenever you want to comment? "Despite having Africa's largest economy and a growing youthful population Nigeria's employment and labour productivity growth is low by international standards. In 2019, the Network of Nigerian Facilitators (NNF) helped Kaduna and Plateau state peacebuilding institutions orchestrate a peace agreement to resolve a long-standing, cross-border violent conflict between Aten, Fulani and Takad communities in both states. 0000005502 00000 n Specifically, it is the planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling of government operations. Meaning of Civil Service The overall aim of this course on Public Service Reforms is to expose how public service institutions and agencies are reformed, refocused or redirected at a particular point in time or over a period of time. Civil Service In Nigeria Civil service, being a part of public service in Nigeria is a body of employees responsible for planning, giving advice and implementing policies in government ministries and departments. Nigeria has embraced variants of the philosophy of administration broadly called "New . 27 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 29 /H [ 782 193 ] /L 26753 /E 6876 /N 9 /T 26095 >> endobj xref 27 19 0000000016 00000 n In 2020, USIP officially established a country office in Abuja. As Africa's most populous country, largest economy and most notable democracy, Nigeria is a bellwether for the continent. ), Kingdoms and empires of precolonial Nigeria, Controversies surrounding the 2007 presidential election, Nigeria under Umaru Musa YarAdua and Goodluck Jonathan, The 2015 elections and electorate concerns, Recession, fight against corruption, and insecurity, Which Country Is Larger By Population? Please send us your opinion or questions via the comment section below so others can benefit from it. They keep and preserve government property. USIP convenes government officials, partners and civic leaders at its U.S. headquarters and Nigeria country office for candid conversations that foster collaboration and inform policy and program priorities. Abstract This paper examines the functions of public service and the code of conduct for public servants in Nigeria with a view to ascertaining the provisions of the relevant laws. Public administration is a feature of all nations, whatever their system of government. Traditionally, in most countries, a distinction is also made between the home civil service and those persons engaged abroad on diplomatic duties. trailer << /Size 46 /Info 25 0 R /Root 28 0 R /Prev 26085 /ID[<16cc823212c4d0d51598ee57e5a5d219>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 28 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 26 0 R >> endobj 44 0 obj << /S 71 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 45 0 R >> stream All Rights Reserved. With a reliance on secondary data, the paper. The Nigerian legal and judicial system contains three codes of law: customary law, Nigerian statute law (following English law), and Sharah (Islamic law). They are responsible for the implementation of the policies of government. We may share your site usage data with our social media, advertising, and analytics partners for these reasons. 0000005797 00000 n This part talks about how is civil service is been structured in hierarchical format: 1) Administrative Class: This is the highest class and theyre mostly made up of Director-Generals Deputy Director-Generals and other principal officers. - Financial Times, Ukraine tries to manage 'expectations of success' ahead of counteroffensive - Washington Examiner, South Koreas Yoon and Biden likely to discuss nuclear deterrence, trade at summit - Radio Free Asia, US and S. Korea boost cooperation, but nuclear threat remains - Agence France-Presse (AFP). You must show faith in government. Some ethnic groups, such as the Edo who constituted the kingdom of Benin, also gave important political power to women; the mother of the oba (king) played an important part in the precolonial state. Details on the structure of the Nigerian civil service, parastatals covered and functions. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 9 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S>> (For more information on the historical role of women in Nigerian politics and culture, see Sidebar: Nigerian Women. The objective of the Ministry of Interior is to provide additional security services in the country. The sixth section takes a cursory look at the obstacles to good governance and effective public administration and the last section gives the concluding remarks and recommendation. 4) The Clerical Class: These set of civil servants made up of First School leaving certificate holders and are mostly clerical, officers, clerical assistants and typists. It argues that Nigeria has basic legislations for regulation the code of conduct for public service, but the code of conduct Bureau and Tribunal has minimal impact as enforcement mechanisms put in place as result of general corruption in all sectors of the economy. Igbo women, showing their strength, rioted in 1929 when they believed colonial officials were going to levy taxes on women. . Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. 0000003289 00000 n These divisions are known as ministries. These parastatals and agencies include Office of the Accountant General of the Federation Of Nigeria, Federal Inland Revenue Service, Investment and Security Tribunal, National Insurance Commission, Nigerian Export-Import Bank [NEXIM], Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation, Nigerian Customs Service, and Security and Exchange Commission. The responsibility for policy decisions lies with the political members of the executive (those members who have been elected or appointed to give political direction to government and, customarily, career civil servants). Civil servants must be encouraged by granting to due staff. Publications 3) Anonymity: A civil servant is not expected to review or speak to the press unless authorized about the minister of director-general, this is so because credit of failure of the government on any issue is not blamed on the civil servant but the minister. A ministry is ahead by a permanent secretary. Oftentimes, most civil servants in Nigeria and other parts of the world after retiring, become consultants to private and public corporations or institutions, as well as the government. 2 0 obj 9) Keeping The Public Informed: Since they represent the people, the civil service is obliged to educate the public about actions and policies of the government and this is where the public opinion of the people count. Corrections? This is different from the private sector where individual operates. Still, the campaigns and voting contained seeds for critical change that now must be cultivated by Nigerias newly elected government; its courageous, pro-democracy civil society; its vast, energized youth population; and its partners. <> In addition to Nigerian statutes, English law is used in the magistrates and all higher courts. Civil servants in every country are expected to advise, warn, and assist those responsible for state policy and, when this has been decided, to provide the organization for implementing it. In 1967 Col. Yakubu Gowon, then the military leader, turned the regions into 12 states: 6 in the north, 3 in the east, and 3 in the west. Within nations public administration is practiced at the central, intermediate, and local levels. Register or login to make commenting easier. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). There are two tiers of governmentstate and localbelow the federal level. 7) Stability: The civil service ensures continuity of government and this makes for stability. 4 0 obj Drafting of Bills: Arrivals to Nigeria's 30-some airports totalled 8.8m in 2019, while 8.7m departures were logged. Quiz, Nigeria administrative boundaries in 1996. \(\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} \). USIP conducts research on governance and security to better advise Nigerian policymakers in their response to these challenges. YL 2nsN_i56{Zb%W`M T0awg (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Structure of Nigerian Civil Service And Functions, History of Public Administration in Nigeria, Lagos Postal Code / Zip Code / PostCode Town Area, The Ministry of Aviation; the Ministry of Defence, The Ministry of Federal Capital Territory, The Ministry of Lands & Urban Development, The Ministry of Mines and Steel Development, The Ministry of Tourism, Culture & National Orientation, The Ministry of Women Affairs; the Ministry of Works. Public health and rent control officers often inspect residential and commercial houses to ascertain their level of cleanliness and curb exorbitant rent demanded by landlords. hbbd```b`` "A^!_$ ,D "3N`3qZ`hHHGX}XXM!d"S2*fJ0{&(b\6q n The civil Service is a body or department in the executive arm of government saddled with the responsibility of assisting the executive in the planning and implementation of government policies. This also hinders the effectiveness of the civil service in Nigeria. 3) The Executive Class: They are senior executives, executive officers, assistant executive officers etc. The director-general also known as a permanent secretary is the administrative head and the accounting officer of a ministry. These survey findings informed policy discussions with senior U.S. and Nigerian policymakers, including Nigerian President Buhari and state governors. These services also include public services to the citizens of the country. Social Structure. In 2019, USIP hosted eminent U.S. and Nigerian civic leaders and government officials for a roundtable to explore the state of Nigerian governance 20 years into its democratic transition. In most countries the civil service does not include local government or public corporations. The Federal Ministry of Internal Affairs existed between 1957 and 2007. For example, lawyers, doctors, an engineers. In most of the world the establishment of highly trained administrative, executive, or directive classes has made public administration a distinct profession. Yahoo list of first-degree and HND certificate. Nigeria is divided into 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the country's capital, Abuja, is located; the constitution also includes a provision that more states can be created as needed. 1) Formation of Policies: They formulate policies and these are part of the objectives of the government. It is the outcome of this study, that 2) Lukewarm Attitude: Civil servants are often lukewarm claiming that government work is not worth giving the best. 1) Impartiality: Civil servants are expected to be fair and just to any government in power. We're sorry, but in order to log in and use all the features of this website, you will need to enable JavaScript in your browser. The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of public bureaucracy on service delivery in Nigeria using the Neo-Weberian model. The civil service remains intact while government changes periodically. These are presented to the ministers and commissioners for consideration and final decisions. Nigeria is endowed with large oil, gas, hydro and solar resources, and it has the potential to generate 12,522 MW of electric power from existing plants. 1 0 obj A worker in the civil service is called a civil servant. In Nigeria, the Country's government bureaucracy is the public service. 7) Over duplication of functions: Functions exercised in the civil service are over duplicated and this can result to redundancy and Idleness amongst civil servants. Amid deepening distrust in government and institutions, Nigeria has significant work to do in improving national, state and local security and governance . The Ministry of Justice is the division of the Nigerian Civil Service that takes federal governments legal cases to the judiciary. endobj Government Civil Service Administration Civil Service. endobj 0000001129 00000 n 82 0 obj <>stream This will enhance efficiency in their areas of performance. Author of, Henry L. and Grace Doherty Foundation Professor of Government and Foreign Affairs, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 196880. As Africas most populous country, largest economy and most notable democracy, Nigeria is a bellwether for the continent. A central demand amid this campaign is a better inclusion of Nigerias hundreds of ethnic, religious and other communities in elections and governance. This command implies obedience to the lawful orders of a superior, and in order to maintain this system the hierarchy of offices is marked by fixed positions, with well-defined duties, specific powers, and salaries and privileges objectively assessed. The Nature and Character of Nigerian Public Service Nigeria operates under a federal constitution, with a national government (at Abuja, the nation's capital), thirty-six states, and 774 local governments. However the civil service are in charge of preparing bills but some experts in the ministry of Justice and the executives present this bill to the legislature. ADJ}OKy*cLi2e=2~TF}ZTll7$YHd Nlq+#uC-SjbaM`iU F`[ M #M[zA ]m 7}kZf1Qj01)0/Z+^$ZsKHI@:ph8xyXWgpnw*LK-y4e}L209v]|Ll%@k}7Z ]Us,6leIJIZH0>Y4vT1:\F#M(&+1"=+%MvR(;9h.%*$O5)T5m5@Yj#NW'H"E]]FJLH/V$M>Pa/T&ut\3+*x2V#z.ru'`ke)w$K$wWN5GmIOk)83kw1&[fI.ydWdkoIQoYQDKJEck@4&p)cX/;WL$}Z:UuIW%jh';CsH1-q`k8E~WQi#! Search for experts, projects, publications, courses, and more. %PDF-1.6 % This division is responsible for the finance of the country. For discussion of a subject integral to public administration, see government economic policy. In the United States, the elitist class connotations historically attached to the civil service were consciously abandoned or from the early 20th century, with the result that civil servants were recognized as professionals and valued for their expertise. 0000000782 00000 n These people include: Hon Justice Taslim Elias (1960 1966); Chief G I M Onyiuke (1 March 1966 29 July 1966); Dr Nabo Graham Douglas (1966 1972); Hon Justice Dan Ibekwe (1972 1975); Hon Justice Augustine Nnamani (1975 -1979); Chief Richard O A Akinjide (1979 -1983); Mr Kehinde Sofola (October 1983 December 1983); Mr Chike Ofodile (1984 August 1985); Prince Bola Ajibola (12 September 1985 4 December 1991); Chief Clement Akpamgbo (1991 1993); Dr Olu Onagoruwa (1993 1994); Chief Michael Agbamuche (1994 1997); Mr Achiji Abdullahi Ibrahim (1997 May 1999); Hon Kanu Godwin Agabi (June 1999 January 2000); Chief Bola Ige (3 January 2000 23 December 2001); Hon Kanu Godwin Agabi (2002 -2003); Chief Akin Olujimi (July 2003 July 2005); Chief Bayo Ojo (July 2005 July 2007); Chief Michael Aondoakaa (26 July 2007 10 February 2010); Prince Adetokunbo Kayode (10 February 2010 17 March 2010); Mr Mohammed Bello Adoke (6 April 2010 29 May 2011); Mr Mohammed Bello Adoke (2 July 2011 May 2015); Mr Abubakar Malami (11 November 2015 Present). media, not defending any political position either of . Author of. Gen. Ibrahim Babangida created 11 more states2 in 1987 and 9 in 1991for a total of 30. The constitution grants all citizens at least 18 years of age the right to vote. This revenue enables the government to achieve its goals and objectives. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Sektor Publik adalah sektor yang dimiliki atau paling tidak dikuasai oleh pemerintah untuk memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat. USIP also published research mapping state peacebuilding institutions; assessing election-related violence risks; and outlining pathways to civilian-led governance amid the Boko Haram insurgency in Northeast Nigeria. 5) They Make Bye-laws: The power to make bylaws is made possible true delegated legislation. To gain employment into the federal civil service commission or state civil service commission you must be well connected to either a director-general or permanent secretary or have the funds to pay for jobs. 4) Neutrality: Workers in the service and not expected to engage themselves in partisan politics unless they resigned their appointments. 4) Political interference: politicians are always involved in interfering with the planning and implementation of the policies of the government. The functions of the government at the local level were usurped by the state government until 1988, when the federal government decided to fund local government organizations directly and allowed them for the first time to function effectively. USIP helps governors and state peacebuilding institutions to establish inclusive, cooperative strategies that prevent and resolve violent conflicts; ensure that policies focus on citizens needs; stem the potential for all forms of violence; and allow communities to play meaningful roles in the transition process. Yoruba market women exercised significant economic power, controlling the markets in such Yoruba cities as Lagos and Ibadan. Nigerias two dominant parties abandoned an informal pact that has rotated power between north and south, papering over the deeper, wider problem of ensuring real political inclusion among Nigerias disparate regions and communities. Their relevant expertise and experience afford them the opportunity of providing dependable guide and information on complex government policies and programmes. The constitution provides for a bicameral National Assembly, which consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate. This ministry was created in 2007 by a past President of Nigeria, Umaru Musa YarAdua. A part from the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, which is regarded as the grund norm and which creates the public service, there is also the Revised Public Service Rules, 2006 for the public servants to obey and follow. m8T60}z@&hB~'\6rtn'+= V# In 2021, the NNF helped conduct USIP research to better understand the drivers and dynamics of communal conflicts across Nigeria. The formulation and implementation of government policies and programmes depend largely on these specialists, while political office holders may not themselves be specialists in the areas they supervise. Keywords: Public Service; Code of Conduct Bureau; Tribunal; Civil Service; Parastatals, This work by European American Journals is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License, Tel : +44(0)1634 560711 The civil service is a permanent government establishment and employees enjoy security of tenure. A 2020 public opinion survey found new linkages between COVID-19, instability and conflict. The following are some of the structures of the civil Service in Nigeria. This represented a 7.4% increase from the 16.4m total passenger movements recorded in 2018. stream The civil servants draft and prepare the annual budget and estimates of government ministries, departments and corporations. Although the states claim that the law applies only to Muslims, the minority non-Muslim population argues that it is affected by the law as well. These set of civil servants are specialists in their various fields. The Ministry of Justice is headed by the Attorney General of Nigeria, also called the Minister of Justice. 2) Implementation of Policies: Another function of the civil service is to make sure that the policies formulated are fully executed by the government. Nigeria is the largest economy in sub-Saharan Africa, but limitations in the power sector constrain growth. USIP has a variety of newsletters and announcements with the latest analysis, publications and events. endstream endobj startxref 'N{\{GeW.-n]v+j5wkQvkgn=k[;C w=VGe]K1;,VvkVwy,iZS6Tf*'53e:M]FTS57v}Ut5V%^=Se.yKn-u+ko|_=_~ow\=~~yxg[Ono7xc\^[57_^\^]:?.?]_\\}{roi'5/U=R_^-S?DLDvrYS=p7lOno?~vjzu3i]Wy~~_|}{G_}xW^^n;^?i[I.VXgo_i.^|G.^\~}sq]8_zs?|z{s}y*feV=i^'3-|u{}m5g/M~rh7>_^.^;DhI^yEy7u(I%vLJLys=HH81E_cA:~q(ZCaHIpzh:.8Qs>[]:n2k^vsOjRRyCIMt,XR>2E}wiSR!v,-[{r@`|m,\=SwhtS`R[w8V:2:Q7-.6TkwC*RUgjrbq%Pfa:_E8l;t|t{TthKB&Y#Iy7+Mz'NIy#N8i-y5#eB/ The Nigerian government structure has taken on different shapes from 1960, when she gained her independence. In the Nigerian Civil Service, there are divisions responsible for unique services. The Action Group (AG) and the Northern Peoples Congress (NPC) were the major Nigerian parties when the country became independent in 1960. The resulting peace agreement, signed in December 2020, signified their commitment to begin a peace process guided by the state peacebuilding institutions with support from the NNF and USIP. It has seen its changes to military regime to democracy era, including the good and bad sides of these regimes. Indeed, the relationships between different levels of government within a single nation constitute a growing problem of public administration. x;8?(xw?*ot=;6()TT$HED"7R_zs+!_ The Supreme Court, headed by the chief justice of Nigeria, is the highest court. USIP brings together state governors, national policymakers and civic leaders to design and implement inclusive policies that mitigate violence and strengthen community-oriented security. Nigerias federal system gives governors great responsibilities in addressing the issues driving the countrys multiple conflicts, including farmer-herder violence, deepening regional divides, armed banditry and the Boko Haram insurgency. Register or login to receive notifications when there's a reply to your comment or update on this information. Find out more about the website on their about page. In 1996 Gen. Sani Abacha added 6 more states. Government Civil Service Administration Civil Service. 3) Budget Preparation: it appears the government really statements of expected income and expenditure. But thats not seem to be the case in the current Nigeria. Excessive Corruption: Corruption has been recognized as a major problem in the Nigerian Public Service system. 47 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<1C59BCCF86824EA6878726130B5A9089>]/Index[11 72]/Info 10 0 R/Length 161/Prev 674073/Root 12 0 R/Size 83/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Each state has a High Court, which is presided over by a chief judge. economy is reflected in the weak management structure of health services which is commonplace in the various public sector health institutions in Nigeria which has serious implications for health service delivery and currently poses a major challenge to the health sector and the government of Nigeria. Gen. Murtala Mohammed created an additional 7 states in 1976. While Nigerias elections energized youth voters and avoided widespread violence, President-elect Bola Ahmed Tinubu won only a plurality of votes. Blog, The United States Institute of Peace Legal and Privacy Information | FOIA Inquiries, A 2020 public opinion survey found new linkages between COVID-19, instability and conflict, assessing election-related violence risks, outlining pathways to civilian-led governance, After Nigerias Elections: Nurturing the Seeds of Better Democracy, Nigerias Vote Signals Risks: How Its Partners Can Support Democracy, Ambassador Makila James on Nigerias Elections, A Key Election for Nigeria Raises a Rising Demand: Inclusion, Pitched battle to the death: who has the edge in Sudans bloody conflict? Amid deepening distrust in government and institutions, Nigeria has significant work to do in improving national, state and local security and governance ahead of national and state elections in 2023. Don't want to keep filling in name and email whenever you want to comment? Sidney and Beatrice Webb Professor of Public Policy, London School of Economics. The civil service performs some quasi-judicial functions such as the arrest and prosecution of smugglers (by custom officials). At independence the country was divided into three regions: Northern, Eastern, and Western. It also covers managerial functions, Luther Gullick and Lyndrall The NNF is a group of professional peace mediators trained by USIP to resolve local conflicts through nonviolent means across several states throughout the country. 0000001517 00000 n h\_%GB'` n(%2%LV[dqDY 2) Permanence: It is an institution that does not change with the government. However, their regional rather than national focusthe AG represented the west, the NPC the north, and the National Council for Nigeria and the Cameroons the eastultimately contributed to the outbreak of civil war by the mid-1960s and more than 20 years of military rule. The public service is a typical bureaucratic organization made up of public servants who are recruited on the basis of their skills/qualification and expertise. At the inception of the current democratic dispensation in May 1999, the state of the Public Service in Nigeria in terms of public image, value system, operational modality, service delivery was . Although Nigerian women may wield influence and political power, particularly at the familial and local level, this has not always been reflected at the federal level: in the early 21st century, women made up about 5 percent of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Customary laws, administered by native, or customary, courts, are usually presided over by traditional rulers, who generally hear cases about family problems such as divorce. 2) The Professional Class: They how many recruitment that professionals of different category. 1) Low Incentives: The poor condition of service memorializes workers in addition to slow promotion policy. 6) Merits: Employment into the civil service is based on merit. The public sector, represent the realm where the government operates for the benefits of the citizenry. The Institute engages a variety of influential figures, empowers citizens and uses its expertise and convening power to inform Nigeria policy in the United States, the region and around the world. %PDF-1.5 You can learn more about how we use cookies by visiting our privacy policy page. in or register, These employees are called civil servants. Since 2019, the NNF has collaborated with state peacebuilding institutions to address conflicts and support local peace processes. The fifth section examines the evolution of Nigeria Civil Service. A])iK~J[ $qShIY[ZKCVWP-[L`h hRSs}hgAq9AC*C,jJ7 /2h%G9kkPl"8M{D7I9gP+=7ra4?nCf53KhDmncm Kc!91C1r:ub$Qa_tN]*f7yecav$7X^N-zK`$b i=2+1tux2N.X\T6FM5`i#'5NCaPfI;tVu]go5+>d@o]gk-ah]gu1 [~oJ7v{0Uq@qoH#p9 k!HV]ylvO`:QHNvTJqXb since they must not be involved in partisan politics, it makes them carry out their work without fear or intimidation by the government. Your browser seems to have Javascript disabled. For example, the ministry of education, ministry of information, ministry of finance, ministry of works and housing and so on. All names, acronyms, logos and trademarks displayed on this website are those of their respective owners. 5) Expertise: Experts are produced in the field of administration this is because they put in Long years of service. the media and the general public this country file. Nigerias latest elections heighten the countrys need for a reset of its democracy. The political head and chief executive of a ministry is known as a minister or commissioner. This is a lesson from the tutorial, Civil Service Administration and you are encouraged to log Home - Civil Service in Nigeria: Definition, Functions and Structure. Ministers of each and every ministry are appointed by the President of Nigeria. All names, acronyms, logos and trademarks displayed on this website are those of their respective owners. In 2021, amid deepening public mistrust, the working group harnessed its collective experience and relationships to advance high-level dialogue between major civic groups working for peace across the country and the Nigerian government. These employees are called civil servants. 8) Preparation of Answers To Parliamentary Questions: one of the core functions of the civil service is that various heads such as ministers or director generals in the parliamentary system defend the policies of government through this preparation. 0000005719 00000 n Author of, Professor of Government, Victoria University of Manchester, England, 196181. along ethnic and religious lines, has challenged Nigeria's transition to, and consolidation of, democracy. This body has a structure that makes the provision of services possible. This is a lesson from the tutorial, Civil Service Administration and you are encouraged to log Your browser seems to have Javascript disabled. A term lasts for a period of four years. Recruitment and promotion in the civil service is often based on merit. They cannot be held responsible for their official actions. All of the requirements of being in this group is that the individual must be a graduate of different fields with many years of experience in the service. These services also include public services to the citizens of the country. In summary, we use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The top civil servants coordinate and supervise their subordinates to ensure the smooth execution of the policies and programmes of government.

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