- President Bush supporting programs that assist the poor and needy. A sample of the poll is developed to be specific. Which of the following was NOT used to measure presidential responsiveness to public opinion? Which statement regarding public opinion is correct? One major criticism is that they do not mention that, during World War II, the Japanese forced Korean women into sexual slavery. They are treated as emotional matters, not legal matters. The sense of discomfort or distress that occurs when a person's behavior does not correspond to that person's attitudes. 4 (August 2000): 103348. Media are first and foremost profit-driven entities that are not mandated to be civic educators; they balance their public service imperative against the desire to make money. Young peoples exposure to mass media has increased markedly since the 1960s. Hyman, H., Political Socialization (Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1959), 69. Schools in different cultures socialize children differently in order to prepare them to function well in those cultures. Dennis, J. and Diana Owen, The Partisanship Puzzle: Identification and Attitudes of Generation X, in After the Boom, ed. Peer group socialization begins in the earliest years, such as when kids on a playground teach younger children the norms about taking turns, the rules of a game, or how to shoot a basket. 7The importance of adult socialization is never explicitly denied but it is largely ignored when it comes to assembling quantifiable evidence. Younger children tend to personalize government. Entertainment media, including television comedies and dramas, music, film, and video games also contain much political content. Children of parents who are strong Republicans or strong Democrats grow up to reject these strong ideals. For example, poor families usually emphasize obedience and conformity when raising their children, while wealthy families emphasize judgment and creativity (National Opinion Research Center 2008). This process typically occurs in two stages: Primary socialization . As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Riccards, M. P., The Making of American Citizenry (New York: Chandler Press, 1973). Orenstein wonders why every little girl is expected to be a princess and why pink has become an all-consuming obsession for many young girls. Decisions on policies are influenced by the more educated public opinions. 2. Each chopped off one of his own fingers because of textbooks. , on of slavery into the territories The lower the margin of error, the less accurate the poll is. 1. Family is the first agent of socialization. The country did not experience violent protests after the decision was announced, but instead moved on with politics as usual (Conover, 1991). Sapiro, V., Women in American Society (New York: Mayfair Publishing, 2002). political socialization will be reviewed for a better understanding of the field of study and what is already known. The college classroom can be an environment for socializing young people to politics. each person within the specified population has an equal probability of being selected as respondent. Socialization is not extremely important for growing children. Close to 90 percent of Swedish fathers use their paternity leave (about 340,000 dads); on average they take seven weeks per birth (The Economist, 2014). Young people, even those who have not reached voting age, can become involved in election campaigns by using social media to contribute their own commentary and videos online. This is starting to change as women such as Madeleine Albright and now Hillary Clinton attract media attention in their roles as secretary of state or as Nancy Pelosi did as Speaker of the House of Representatives. stereotype vulnerability c. Changing one's behavior at the command of an authority figure. The political socialization process in the United States stresses the teaching of democratic and capitalist values. Political learning and socialization experiences can differ vastly for people depending on the groups with which they associate, such as those based on gender and racial and ethnic background. Families, and later peer groups, communicate expectations and reinforce norms. The most effective civic education programs engage students in activities that prepare them for the real world of politics, such as mock elections and legislative hearings (Niemi & Junn, 1998). The media pays more attention to candidates who poll well during early primaries. the number of people sampled must be at least 10 percent of the population, All of the following are necessary for an accurate public opinion poll EXCEPT. This E-mail is already registered with us. When they have high levels of public approval. This type of transition is illustrated by 1960s student protestors against the Vietnam War. to shape the respondent's perception of the candidate or issue in question. Students who master these fundamentals feel competent to participate politically. American Government and Politics in the Information Age by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Group of answer choices The political system of a country is independent of its economic and legal systems. Science. Thomas Jefferson observed significant differences in the political worldviews of younger and older people in the early days of the republic. Padilla, F., The Gang as American Enterprise (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1992). She makes a $2,800\$ 2,800$2,800 down payment and pays the balance in 363636 monthly payments of $615\$ 615$615. It is not possible to have democratic societies that emphasize a mix of collectivism and individualism. Parents can teach their children about government institutions, political leaders, and current issues, but this rarely happens. Who influenced how you thought about it? Opinion polls have the greatest measured effect during ________. Saphir, M. N. and Steven H. Chaffee, Adolescents Contribution to Family Communication Patterns, Human Communication Research 28, no. Americans are taught to respect the democratic and capitalist values imbedded in the American creed. People develop their political values, beliefs, and orientations through interactions with agents of socialization. bystander effect d. Involves attending to the content of the message instead of noncontent behaviors. More than 60 percent of people under the age of twenty have televisions in their bedrooms, which are multimedia sanctuaries (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2006). Instead, we come to understand our role and to fit in to our political culture through the political learning process (Conover, 1991). Hahn, C. L., Becoming Political (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998). O Socializing, such as interacting with family, friends and coworkers, is the same process as socialization. 2. https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/5-3-agents-of-socialization, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Evaluate the roles of families and peer groups in socialization, Describe how people are socialized through institutions like schools, workplaces, and the government. A number became leaders of the womens rights movement (Alwin, Cohen, & Newcomb, 1991). People learn about politics through news presented on television, in newspapers and magazines, on radio programs, on Internet websites, and through social media. Kindly login to access the content at no cost. C) The process by which a person acquires a set of political attitudes and forms opinions about social issues. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The family has a significant effect on political socialization, There is a gender gap in political views between men and women on issues such as affirmative action and government spending for social programs., The sample must be selected at random from a representative distribution of the population. Members of the Kennedy family have been prominently involved in politics for over a century, illustrating how the desire to participate in politics is passed on generationally. competing forces try to persuade as many people as possible, and few people resist modification of their beliefs. Schools devote far less time to civics and history than to other subjects that are considered to be basic skills, such as reading and math. Interestingly, studies have shown that although friendships rank high in adolescents priorities, this is balanced by parental influence. Political learning is a broad concept that encompasses both the active and passive and the formal and informal ways in which people mature politically (Hahn, 1998). They believe that fluctuation shows ambiguity, so they stand firm on their issues regardless of opinion. Langton, K. P., Political Socialization (New York: Oxford, 1969). In plenty of other words, states have all powers that the Constitution does not provide to the national government. People may give the socially acceptable answer to the person asking the question. They spend much of their time watching television, using a computer or cell phone, playing video games, or listening to music alone. Movies aimed at young people have featured a host of girls and women leads. The process is represented by the following model (Greenstein, 1969): who (subjects) learns what (political values, beliefs, attitudes, behaviors) from whom (agents) under what circumstances with what effects. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. Young people who participate in community service projects can develop a long-term commitment to volunteering and political participation. Disney seems to have gotten the message about the concerns. Nie, N. H., Jane Junn, and Kenneth Stehlik-Barry, Education and Democratic Citizenship in America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). Like other institutions, these places teach participants how to interact with the religions material culture (like a mezuzah, a prayer rug, or a communion wafer). Political socialization differs over the life course. This means that people must become socialized to, and socialized by, a variety of work environments. Which of the following has the greatest impact on political socialization? The public is always interested in who will win. Some scholars argue that political socialization is akin to indoctrination, as it forces people to conform to the status quo and inhibits freedom and creativity (Lindbolm, 1993). As children mature, they become increasingly sophisticated in their perceptions about their place in the political world and their potential for involvement: they learn to relate abstract concepts that they read about in textbooks like this one to real-world actions, and they start to associate the requirements of democracy and majority rule with the need to vote when they reach the age of twenty-one. 1. Which of the following describes the gender gap? -Most voters tend to be concerned about their own economic self-interest. income the answer is A. Others acknowledge these issues, but find princess movies and "princess culture" less alarming. As in the case of families, the influence of peer groups is mitigated by the fact that politics is not a high priority for most of them. Respondents might not want to talk to the person conducting the interview. Young people are socialized to respect authorities, such as parents, teachers, police officers, and fire fighters, and to obey laws. Thus, option (A) is correct. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. Unlock to view answer. Young children develop a basic sense of identification with a country. 3. Most peoples political experiences occur vicariously through the media because they do not have personal access to government or politicians. Sixty years ago, it would not have been considered especially strict for a father to hit his son with a wooden spoon or a belt if he misbehaved, but today that same action might be considered child abuse. Children tend to idealize political figures, although young people today have a less positive view of political actors than in the past. After reading this section, you should be able to answer the following questions: This section will define what is meant by political socialization and detail how the process of political socialization occurs in the United States. Politics was a central focus of family life for the Kennedys, a family that has produced generations of activists, including President John F. Kennedy and Senator Ted Kennedy. The media pays more attention to candidates who poll well during early primaries. Protestors held views different from their peers; they were less trusting of government officials but more efficacious in that they believed they could change the political system. Alwin, D. F., Ronald L. Cohen, and Theodore M. Newcomb, Political Attitudes Over the Life Span (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1991). Strauss, W. and Neil Howe, Millennials Rising (New York: Random House, 2000). When state governments instill different attitudes and beliefs in their citizens, this is known as _______. Which of the following statements are correct regarding the effect of party polarization on public opinion? -The more education one has, the more tolerant of racial minorities one is. Subsequently, two other models have emerged from the literature regarding political socialization since then. when they have high levels of public approval. A member of Congress who helps get more party votes during the election cycle. What kind of political system defines citizenship simply in terms of a person living within a states borders? The textbooks describe the women as having been drafted to work, a euphemism that downplays the brutality of what actually occurred. A source of political information that is intended to help citizens understand how to act and make decisions on political matters. governments communicate with each other. Agents, including parents, teachers, friends, coworkers, church associates, club members, sports teams, mass media, and popular culture, pass on political orientations. Mass media distribute impersonal information to a wide audience, via television, newspapers, radio, and the Internet. Walker, L. J., Karl H. Hennig, and Tobias Krettenauer, Parent and Peer Contexts for Childrens Moral Reasoning Development, Child Development 71, no. Public opinion is the same for Democrats and Republicans. What is the primary source of political socialization? - President Obama extending a tax bill supported by President Bush What does a decline in GDP of one-tenth of one percent translate to in dollars of lost output? Political scientists Gabriel Almond and James Coleman once observed that we do not inherit our political behavior, attitudes, values, and knowledge through our genes (Almond & Coleman, 1960). The goal of this type of socialization is deliberately intended to ensure that the democratic political system survives even in times of political stress, such as economic crisis or war (Dennis, Easton, & Easton, 1969). In order to aggregate responses in a manner that reflects the quantified opinions of the population under study, the researcher must collect a ______. There are reasons why each of these agents is considered influential for political socialization; there are also factors that limit their effectiveness. b. In the early 1900s, Japan was one of Asias more aggressive nations. Which current trend is being used by citizens before voting in an election? politicization, personalization, idealization, Expert Help . Media are rich sources of information about government, politics, and current affairs. They can influence peoples attitudes about political actors and institutions. Consists of intimacy and commitment. Opinion polls have the greatest measured effect for which of the following? It also calls for violent retribution against rival gang members for actions such as trafficking drugs in the Kingss territory. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton is one of an increasing number of women who has achieved a highly visible political leadership role. You receive the message, but do not accept it. The public is always interested in who will win. Which of the following are examples of presidential attempts to lead public opinion? Question: Which of the following statements is true about political systems? For example, information about the mistreatment of African Americans and Native American Indians more accurately reflects those events than in textbooks of the past. In contemporary politics, which of the following political positions are more likely to be supported by liberals? At the same time, younger people have less clearly defined political beliefs, which makes them more likely to be influenced by key societal events (Carpini, 1986). The number of people participating in the poll must not exceed 200. The hidden curriculum prepares children for the adult world. Some scholars consider the school, rather than the family, to be the most influential agent of political socialization (Hess & Torney, 1967). one of the major reasons for the growth of the world population after 1700 was. - expansion of federal social services This trend is partially a result of the medias preoccupations with personal scandals surrounding politicians. When children participate in a relay race or a math contest, they learn there are winners and losers in society. The home environment can either support or discourage young peoples involvement in political affairs. a. How do politicians respond to public opinion? D. women's suffrage Frozen focuses on sisterly love rather than romantic love. Schools are not allowed to participate in political socialization because parents blame them for their childrens ideals. Much political socialization in the United States passes on norms, customs, beliefs, and values supportive of democracy from one generation to the next. People of a similar age tend to be exposed to shared historical, social, and political stimuli. E. use of the popular vote rather than electoral college to determine the election's winner. What is political socialization, and why is it important? A theory that assumes the politician is in office to be the voice of the people, A theory that supports the delegates right to choose which way to vote, A theory that provides politicians with the option to become delegates, A theory that gives each state the right to have one delegate. If someone is a young poor woman, she is more likely to identify as a _______. Miles, A. D., A Multidimensional Approach to Distinguishing between the Most and Least Politically Engaged Senior Citizens, Using Socialization and Participation Variables (PhD diss., Georgetown University, 1997). Learning about politics at a young age prepares people to switch and change their views throughout the course of their lifetimes. The media brings attention to candidates lagging in the polls. 1. Thomas Jefferson believed that new generations would emerge in response to changing social and political conditions and that this would, in turn, influence public policy. basic principles that shape a person's opinions about issues and events. are licensed under a, High, Low, Pop, Sub, Counter-culture and Cultural Change, Theoretical Perspectives on Deviance and Crime, Global Implications of Media and Technology, Theoretical Perspectives on Media and Technology, Social Stratification in the United States, Social Stratification and Mobility in the United States, Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification, Theoretical Perspectives on Global Stratification, Theoretical Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity, Theoretical Perspectives on Government and Power, Theoretical Perspectives on Health and Medicine, Population, Urbanization, and the Environment, Introduction to Social Movements and Social Change, The socialized roles of parents and guardians vary by society. The latent functions of teamwork and dealing with bureaucracy are features of U.S. culture. Why is the process of political socialization central to peoples understanding of public opinion? Alternatively, young people from homes where political conversations are rare, and airing controversial viewpoints is discouraged, tend to abstain from politics as adults (Saphir & Chaffee, 2002). - Franklin Delano Roosevelt's "fireside chats" Q. 1. There are significant differences in the way that males and females are socialized to politics. Religious congregation members are no longer discussing politics in places of worship. What is your opinion? people who are able to influence the opinions of others because of position, expertise, or personality, determining which public policy questions will be debated or considered, information generated and distributed by the government in such a way as to give government interests priority over candor, concept that people change as they grow older because of age specific experiences and thus are likely to hold age-specific attitudes, a long lasting effect of the events of a particular time on the political opinions of those who came of political age at that time, the value assigned to a person due to occupation or income. Wealthier people may have more resources for participating in politics, such as money and connections, than poorer people. The mass media ----- neutral messengers for others' ideas. Government policy _____ to public opinion; public opinion ____ to government policy. They may change their positions to match the public mood. The Greeks felt that citizenship was more than just an accident of birth. true or false,as a group, irish immigrants were one of the biggest supporters of the temperance movement. For example, they show the child how to use objects (such as clothes, computers, eating utensils, books, bikes); how to relate to others (some as family, others as friends, still others as strangers or teachers or neighbors); and how the world works (what is real and what is imagined). Political learning begins early in childhood and continues over a persons lifetime. A source of political information intended to stop candidates from making decisions on political matters, A source of political information intended to help citizens make decisions on political matters, A source of political information intended to stop citizens from making decisions on political matters, A source of political information intended to help organizations make decisions on political matters. Shortcuts that people use to make decisions. and you must attribute OpenStax. Young people who observe their parents reading the newspaper and following political news on television may adopt the habit of keeping informed. Young people may join a cause because it hits close to home. Researching and learning background information about the candidate. - Most voters are relatively informed about an issue that matters to them. Which of the following are results of the low levels of political knowledge among many Americans? The political socialization process leaves citizens with attitudes and beliefs that create a(n) ________. Which of the following characteristics are necessary components in measuring the statistical accuracy of a public opinion poll? a. : 2103716. obedience i. How do we come to adopt the beliefs, values, and norms that represent its nonmaterial culture? How to record estimated bad debts for the year? Web-based polls are incapable of doing random sampling, so many polls are bias. Even people who have been politically inactive their entire lives can become motivated to participate as senior citizens. the sample must include at least 10 percent of the population, All of the following are characteristics of an accurate random sample EXCEPT, the process by which people acquire their political values. The largest of the generations, this cohort protested against the government establishment in its youth and still distrusts government. B) Parents' attitudes do not play a significant role in shaping their children's opinion. Online polls cannot detect whether a person with multiple email accounts answers the same poll multiple times. Family. Which problem is specific to technology and polling? The effects of these experiences are highly variable, as people can accept, reject, or ignore political messages. American political scientist Lucian Pye defined political culture as the composite of basic values, feelings, and knowledge that underlie the political process.
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