John of Gaunt's legitimate male heirs, the Lancasters, include Kings Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI. John received the title "Duke of Lancaster" from his father on 13 November 1362. A modern monument in the crypt lists John of Gaunt's grave as among the important ones lost. He also succeeded in forcing the Commons to agree to the imposition of the first poll tax in English historya viciously regressive measure that bore hardest on the poorest members of society. He began to advocate peace negotiations; indeed, as early as 1373, during his great raid through France, he made contact with Guillaume Roger, brother and political adviser of Pope Gregory XI, to let the pope know he would be interested in a diplomatic conference under papal auspices. Page 16, 12 November 1910 THE DESCENDANTS OF JOHN OF GAUNT. Descendants of this marriage include Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland, a grandmother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III; John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, a great-grandfather of King Henry VII; and Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots, from whom are descended all subsequent sovereigns of Scotland beginning in 1437 and all sovereigns of England, Great Britain and the United Kingdom from 1603 to the present day. He was a strong military leader in the tradition of the Plantagenets and a royal prince of. Dates: 1354 - March 24, 1394. Blanche of Portugal (1388-1389) 3. John's daughter, Blanche, married Sir Thomas Morieux in 1381. Includes . [25], For the remainder of his life, John of Gaunt occupied the role of valued counsellor of the king and loyal supporter of the Crown. [41], As claimant to the throne of Castile and Len from 1372, he impaled the arms of that kingdom (Gules, a castle or, quartering Argent, a lion rampant purpure) with his own. (#3815) FamousKin.com. Blanche (1359-1388/89), illegitimate, married Sir Thomas Morieux (1355-1387) in 1381, without issue. John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford can count many of Europe's royal persons among their descendants, as well as some American presidents (except for the current one - no one can really say for certain who his ancestors are because they can't find his birth certificate). He was the third surviving son of King Edward III of England, and the father of King Henry IV. Children [3] The House of Tudor was descended from the Beauforts in the female line and all subsequent English and British monarchs are descended from the first Tudor King, Henry VII. Perhaps she is known more as the subject of a 20th-century romantic novel than for her real life. John of Gaunt was buried beside his first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, between the choir stalls of St Paul's Cathedral. In addition, John's daughter Catherine of Lancaster was married to King Henry III of Castile, which made him the grandfather of King John II of Castile and the ancestor of all subsequent monarchs of the Crown of Castile and united Spain. The family tree for John of Gaunt should not be considered exhaustive or authoritative. Deceased persons are not concerned by this provision. He was called "John of Gaunt" because he was born in Ghent, then rendered in English as Gaunt. After Blanche's death in 1368, shortly after the birth of her last child, John married, in 1371,Infanta Constance of Castile, daughter of KingPeter of Castile, giving him a claim to theCrown of Castile. The campaign of AprilJune 1387 was an ignominious failure. His other legitimate descendants include his daughters Queen Philippa of Portugal and Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter (by his first wife Blanche of Lancaster), and Queen Catherine of Castile (by his second wife Constance of Castile). John of Gaunt was a patron and close friend of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer, best known for his work The Canterbury Tales. Henry Somerset, 3rd Marquess of Worcester (16291700), sixth in descent from Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester, assisted in the Restoration of the Monarchy to King Charles II, who in 1682 created him Duke of Beaufort. John impeached William of Wykeham and other leaders of the reform movement, and secured their conviction on old or trumped-up charges. He was the third surviving son of King Edward III of England, and the father of King Henry IV. However, crisis ensued almost immediately in his absence, and in 1387 King Richard's misrule brought England to the brink of civil war. Their daughter Philippa became Queen of Portugal by marrying King John I of Portugal in 1387. The family tree for John of Gaunt should not be considered exhaustive or authoritative. Upon the death of his father-in-law, the 1st Duke of Lancaster, in 1361, John received half his lands, the title "Earl of Lancaster", and distinction as the greatest landowner in the north of England as heir of the Palatinate of Lancaster. In 1371, John married Infanta Constance of Castile, daughter of King Peter of Castile, thus giving him a claim to the Crown of Castile, which he would pursue. For places and organisations named after him, see, A portrait commissioned in c. 1593 by Sir, John of Gaunt: Son of One King, Father of Another, Kathryn Warner, Amberley Publishing, 2022. Only John's intervention in the political crisis succeeded in persuading the Lords Appellant and King Richard to compromise to usher in a period of relative stability. Daughter of: John Beauchamp of Bletso and Edith Stourton. Married to: Sir Oliver St John, of Bletsoe; 14251437. This four-month ride through enemy territory, evading French armies on the way, was a bold stroke that impressed contemporaries but achieved virtually nothing. suspected him of wanting to seize the throne himself. The army reached English-occupied Bordeaux on 24 December 1373, severely weakened in numbers with the loss of at least one-third of their force in action and another third to disease. While the envoy playfully hints to Lancaster that Chaucer would certainly appreciate a boost to his status or income, the poem Fortune distinctively shows his deep appreciation and affection for John of Gaunt. John inherited the rest of the Lancaster property when Blanche's sister Maud, Countess of Leicester (married to William V, Count of Hainaut), died without issue on 10 April 1362. [18] There was organised opposition to his measures and rioting in London; John of Gaunt's arms were reversed or defaced wherever they were displayed, and protestors pasted up lampoons on his supposedly dubious birth. This story always drove him to fury. The Somerset family has long borne the arms of Beaufort undifferenced, with the baton sinister adopted by Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester, discontinued. is descended from. Sometime after the death of Blanche of Lancaster in 1368 and the birth of their first son, John Beaufort, in 1373, John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford, the daughter of an ordinary knight, entered into an extra-marital love affair that would produce four children for the couple. Although he fought in the Battle of Njera (1367), for example, his later military projects proved unsuccessful. Through his first wife, Blanche (died 1368), John, in 1362, acquired the duchy of Lancaster and the vast Lancastrian estates in England and Wales. Exercising his first command, John dared not attack such a superior force and the two armies faced each other across a marsh for several weeks until the English were reinforced by the Thomas de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, at which the French withdrew without offering battle. John Tilley, Joan (Hurst) Rogers, Elizabeth Tilley, John Howland, Thomas Rogers, Joseph Rogers, Richard Warren, William Brewster and his wife, Mary, Edward Doty, James Chilton, Susanna Furner, Mary Chilton, William White, Susanna Jackson, and Resolved White. During his marriage to Constance, John of Gaunt fathered four children by a mistress, the widow Katherine Swynford (whose sister Philippa de Roet was married to Chaucer). Philippa of Lancaster (1360-1415) 3. The Beaufort Portcullis, now the symbol of the House of Commons; The heraldic colours white and blue, an old symbol of the Earls of Lancaster. The Castilian king, John of Trastmara, had expected John would land in Portugal and had concentrated his forces on the Portuguese border. Updates? [30] Most conspicuous in this short poem is the number of references to Chaucer's "beste frend". Genealogy chart showing how John of Gaunt (1340-1399) is the 17th Great-grandfather to Queen Elizabeth II (Queen of the United Kingdom) via their common ancestor of John of Gaunt. The fact that he became identified with the attempts to make peace added to his unpopularity at a period when the majority of Englishmen believed victory would be in their grasp if only the French could be defeated decisively as they had been in the 1350s. The adulterous relationship endured until 1381, when it was broken out of political necessity. The links are visible today in the Town & Manor-owned John O'Gaunt Inn on Bridge Street,[45] the John O'Gaunt School on Priory Road,[46] as well as various street names. Morieux held several important posts, including Constable of the Tower the year he was married, and Master of Horse to King Richard II two years later. While John of Gaunt had gambled on an early decisive battle, the Castilians were in no hurry to join battle, and he began to experience difficulties keeping his army together and paying it. He was wrong-footed by John's decision to invade Galicia, the most distant and disaffected of Castile's kingdoms. He was faced with military difficulties abroad and political divisions at home, and disagreements as to how to deal with these crises led to tensions among Gaunt, the English Parliament, and the ruling class, making him an extremely unpopular figure for a time. Through advantageous marriages and land grants, John became exceedingly wealthy and influential at his father's court.. [24] He hatched several schemes to make good his claim with an army, but for many years these were still-born due to lack of finance or the conflicting claims of war in France or with Scotland. Unable to attack any strongly fortified forts and cities, the raiders plundered the countryside, which weakened the French infrastructure, but the military value of the damage was only temporary. He was called "John of Gaunt" because he was born in . He was also depicted as the villain in the Robin Hood tales. : Name: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster Son of Edward III, King of England and Philippa of Hainault. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, KG (6 March 1340 - 3 February 1399) was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third of four surviving sons of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. [citation needed]. They married in 1359 at Reading Abbey as a part of the efforts of Edward III to arrange matches for his sons with wealthy heiresses. He also became the 14th Baron of Halton and 11th Lord of Bowland. John was married three times. However, in 1406, Henry IV decided that although the Beauforts were legitimate, their line could not be used to make any claim to the throne. John (1374-1375) This page was last edited on 13 April 2023, at 16:49. The first, called to grant massive war taxation to the Crown, turned into a parliamentary revolution, with the Commons (supported to some extent by the Lords) venting their grievances at decades of crippling taxation, misgovernment, and suspected endemic corruption among the ruling classes. Furthermore, while King Edward and the Prince of Wales were popular heroes due to their successes on the battlefield, John of Gaunt had not won equivalent military renown that could have bolstered his reputation. He planned a 'great expedition' of mounted men in a large armada of ships to land at Brest and take control of Brittany. This effectively kept him off the scene while England endured the major political crisis of the conflict between Richard II and the Lords Appellant, who were led by John of Gaunt's younger brother Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester. What's New! He was an MP for Somerset and Devon. The male line was however continued through Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester, the illegitimate son of Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset, who adopted the surname "Somerset" and used the arms of Beaufort but with a baton sinister for bastardy.[5]. Further reinforced by German mercenaries, they marched on Harfleur, but were delayed by French guerilla operations while the town prepared for a siege. When John died in 1399, Richard II confiscated the Lancastrian estates, thereby preventing them from passing to Johns son, Henry Bolingbroke. However, crisis ensued almost immediately in his absence, and in 1387 King Richard's misrule brought England to the brink of civil war. Son of: John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset and Margaret Holland. They were harried mainly by French mercenaries of the Castilian king. Research devoted solely to this person has either not yet taken place or it is currently in progress. His second son John became the first Duke of Somerset in 1443.[3]. FamousKin.com cannot and does not guarantee the accuracy and reliability of these sources. The affair apparently took place before John's first marriage to Blanche of Lancaster. John took pains to ensure that he never became associated with the opposition to Richard's kingship. [23] He impaled his arms with those of the Spanish kingdom. John (13621365) was the first-born son of John and Blanche of Lancaster and lived possibly at least until after the birth of his brother Edward of Lancaster in 1365 and died before his second brother another short-lived boy called John in 1366. John and Kate are also my 18th great-grandparents (though I'm not royal or at all famous). John of Gaunt was a patron and close friend of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer, most famously known for his work The Canterbury Tales. All of them were born out of wedlock, but were legitimised upon their parents' eventual marriage. ), Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage, Kelly's Directories Ltd, Kingston-upon-Thames, 1968, p.125, Planche, J.R., Pursuivant of Arms, 1851, p.xx, Beaufort Society's website (Google's cache of, "The Lancastrian Esses Collar (Appendix 7)" erenow.net, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Henry Somerset, 3rd Marquess of Worcester, Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby, List of coats of arms of the House of Plantagenet, "The Wars of the Roses: York v Beaufort? Includes citations for all sources. WILL: JOHN OF GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTER I, John, son of the King of England, Duke of Lancaster, February 3d, 1397. Known for: a legitimized daughter of Katherine Swynford and John of Gaunt, one of Edward III 's sons, Joan Beaufort was an ancestor of Edward IV, Richard III, Henry VIII, Elizabeth of York, and Catherine Parr. The Castilians refused to offer battle and the Galician-Anglo-Portuguese troops, apart from time-wasting sieges of fortified towns, were reduced to foraging for food in the arid Spanish landscape. An adjacent chantry chapel was added between 1399 and 1403. The present King therefore has a far more complex biological relationship to their common ancestor. However, John's ascendancy to political power coincided with widespread resentment of his influence. The House of Beaufort adopted various heraldic or quasi-heraldic symbols, badges or cognisances. Sir Hugh Luttrell's famous descendants include: [citation needed] Robert Carter I: A wealthy Virginia colonist and slave-owner, one of the richest men in Virginia at his time. He owned land in almost every county in England, a patrimony that produced a net income of between 8,000 and 10,000 a year,[7] equivalent in 2023 to c.170 213 million in income value, or 3.5 4.4 billion in relation to gdp.[8]. As a son of the sovereign, John bore the royal arms of the kingdom (Quarterly, France Ancient and England), differenced by a label of three points ermine. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Although Philippa died c. 1387, the men were bound as brothers and Lancaster's children by Katherine - John, Henry, Thomas and Joan Beaufort - were Chaucer's nephews and niece. He is also referred to by Falstaff in Henry IV Part I. Hungerford in Berkshire has ancient links to the Duchy, the manor becoming part of John of Gaunt's estate in 1362 before James I passed ownership to two local men in 1612 (which subsequently became Town & Manor of Hungerford Charity). John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399) 2. But even after the government acceded to virtually all their demands, the Commons then refused to authorise any funds for the war, losing the sympathy of the Lords as a result. His birthplace, Ghent in Flanders, then known in English as Gaunt, was the origin of his name. Their magnificent tomb had been designed and executed between 1374 and 1380 by Henry Yevele with the assistance of Thomas Wrek, at a total cost of 592. The death of the Black Prince on 8 June 1376 and the onset of Edward III's last illness at the closing of Parliament on 10 July left John with all the reins of power. Meanwhile, in England, war had nearly broken out between the followers of King Richard II and the followers of Gloucester. By the middle of November, the survivors of the sickly army returned to Calais, where the Earl of Warwick died of the plague. He was the third son of Edward III, who became Duke of Lancaster through his marriage to Blanche. He was the immediate ancestor of the three 15th-century Lancastrian monarchs, Henry IV, V, and VI. By Constance of Castile: Allrightsreserved. He also became the 14th Baron of Halton and 11th Lord of Bowland. Thus the Beaufort family is today represented in the male line by its illegitimate continuation, the House of Somerset, whose senior representative is Henry Somerset, 12th Duke of Beaufort. Through them, many royal families of Europe can trace lineage to him. The three houses of English sovereigns that succeeded the rule of Richard II in 1399 - the Houses of Lancaster, York and Tudor - were all descended from John's children Henry IV, Joan Beaufort and John Beaufort, respectively. John of Gaunt was a son of King Edward III of England, but as he was only the third son, he and his descendants were not expected to ascend to the throne, which they ultimately did. Illegitimate Son (legitimated in 1396) of: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and Katherine Swynford. Blanche (13591388/1389), who married Sir Thomas Morieux (13551387) in 1381 and had no children. However a decree of King Henry IV in 1406 barred his legitimated half-siblings and their issue from any claim to the throne and the illegitimacy of the Somerset branch doubly bars them. Fortune, in turn, does not understand Chaucer's harsh words to her for she believes she has been kind to him, claims that he does not know what she has in store for him in the future, but most importantly, "And eek thou hast thy beste frend alyve" (32, 40, 48). All subsequent kings of Portugal were thus descended from John of Gaunt. Believed to have been written in the 1390s, Chaucer's short poem Fortune, is also inferred to directly reference Lancaster. Their children were given the surname "Beaufort" after a former French possession of the duke. Trending; Presidents; TV/Film/Stage; . Though John was never able to make good his claim, his daughter by Constance, Catherine of Lancaster, became Queen of Castile by marrying Henry III of Castile. My body to be buried in the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, of London, near the principal altar, beside my most dear late wife Blanch, who is there interred. The Complete Peerage, or a history of the House of Lords and all its members from the earliest times (Husee to Lincolnshire). View famous kin of John of Gaunt 11th Great-grandfather of George Washington 14th Generation Ahnentafel No: 11766 Father: Edward III, King of England Mother: Philippa of Hainault Birth Date: 6 Mar 1340 Birth Location: Ghent, Belgium Christening Date: Christening Location: Death Date: 3 Feb 1399 Death Location: 14th-century English prince, Duke of Lancaster, This article is about the historical figure. John of Gaunt is a character in William Shakespeare's play Richard II. Although Philippa died c. 1387, the men were bound as brothers and Lancaster's children by KatherineJohn, Henry, Thomas and Joan Beaufortwere Chaucer's nephews and niece. The Beauforts were a powerful and wealthy family from the start, and rose to greater power after their half-brother became King Henry IV in 1399, having deposed his 1st cousin King Richard II. Only four months after his return to England, in March 1390, Richard II formally invested Gaunt with the Duchy of Aquitaine, thus providing him with the overseas territory he had long desired. John, son of the King of England, Duke of Lancaster, whereas I have purchased divers manors, &c. before my marriage with my dear wife Catherine, to whom I have given several parts for her life, and I have enfeoffed my dear son John Beaufort, Marquis of Dorset, with certain other parts, &c. to my dear son Thomas Beaufort, brother of the aforesaid John, manors which belonged to Edward de Kendale, the reversion of which I have bought of Dame Elizabeth Crosier, also the lordships, &c. of which Dame Elizabeth Barry held for the term of her life, to him and the heirs of his body; in default of which to my said son John, and the heirs of his body; failing which to my dear daughter Joan, their sister, Countess of Westmoreland; I will that my dear bachelier Monsr Robert Nevil, William Gascoigne, my dear esquires, Thomas de Radclyf, and William Kat'yng, and my dear clerk Thomas de Langley, who, according to my directions, are enfeoffed in the Manor of Bernolswyk, in the County of York, pay annually to my executors for Dame Katherine del Staple xx marks for her life; and touching the wapentakes of Hangest, Hangwest, and Halykeld, in Richmondshire, which I have before granted to my dear son-in-law Ralph Earl of Westmoreland, and to my daughter Joan, his wife, for their lives, I will, &c. From Testamenta Vetusta, Being Illustrations from Wills, of Manners, Customs, &c., vol. British author, philosopher, and statesman. Though it seemed an inglorious conclusion to the campaign, John had forced the French king, Charles V, to abandon his plans to invade England that autumn.[9]. From the eldest son, John, descended a granddaughter, Margaret Beaufort, whose son, later King Henry VII of England, would nevertheless claim the throne. Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter (1377-1427), married Margaret Neville, daughter of Sir Thomas de Neville and Joan Furnivall. Gaunt married Swynford in 1396, as his third wife, and their children were subsequently legitimated both by his nephew King Richard II and by Pope Boniface IX. Shortly after the army returned to Portugal, John of Gaunt concluded a secret treaty with John of Trastmara under which he and his wife renounced all claim to the Castilian throne in return for a large annual payment and the marriage of their daughter Catherine to John of Trastmara's son, Henry. John died of natural causes on 3 February 1399 at Leicester Castle, with his third wife Katherine by his side. Due to some generous land grants, John was one of the richest men in his era. Edward (1365) died within a year of his birth and was buried in the Collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of The Newarke, Leicester. Close. The name Beaufort refers to the estate of Montmorency-Beaufort in Champagne, France, an ancient and seemingly important possession of the House of Lancaster. Beset on all sides by French ambushes and plagued by disease and starvation, John of Gaunt and his raiders battled their way through Champagne, east of Paris, into Burgundy, across the Massif Central, and finally down into Dordogne. Two of John's daughters married into continental royal houses (those of Portugal and Castile). He mediated between the king and a group of rebellious nobles, which included Gaunt's own son and heir-apparent, Henry Bolingbroke. Four or more generations of descendants of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399) if they are properly linked:1. In September, the siege was simply abandoned and the army returned ingloriously to England. On the resumption of war with France in 1369, John was sent to Calais with Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford and a small English army with which he raided into northern France. Many deserted or abandoned the army to ride north under French safe conducts. A later proviso that they were specifically barred from inheriting the throne, the phrase excepta regali dignitate ("except royal status"), was inserted with dubious authority by their half-brother Henry IV. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. During this retreat, the army had to fight its way across the Somme at the ford of Blanchetaque against a French army led by Hugh de Chtillon, who was captured and sold to Edward III. Successor: Henry IV Bolingbroke, King of England (2nd Duke of Lancaster and of Aquitaine) "John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, KG (6 March 1340 - 3 February 1399) was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third surviving son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. It was only in 1386, after Portugal under its new King John I had entered into a full alliance with England, that he was actually able to land with an army in Spain and mount a campaign for the throne of Castile (that ultimately failed). Only John, on his return to England in 1389, succeeded in persuading the Lords Appellant and King Richard to compromise to usher in a period of relative stability. The adulterous relationship endured until 1381, when it was ended out of political necessity.[17]. From 1367 to 1374 he served as a commander in the Hundred Years War (13371453) against France. [43], In addition to his royal arms, Gaunt bore an alternative coat of Sable, three ostrich feathers ermine. The House of Beaufort /bofrt/[2] is an English noble and quasi-royal family, which originated in the fourteenth century as the legitimated issue of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (the third surviving son of King Edward III), whose eldest legitimate son was King Henry IV, the first Lancastrian king. Married to: Thomas Stanley, Earl of Derby; 14721504. FamousKin.com About Me John exercised great influence over the English throne during the minority of King Richard II (Edward the Black Prince's son) and the ensuing periods of political strife. His time at the head of government was marked by the so-called Good Parliament of 1376 and the Bad Parliament of 1377. Son of: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and Blanche of Lancaster. He owned land in almost every county in England, a patrimony that produced a net income of between 8,000 and 10,000 a year. In 1386 John left England to seek the throne of Castile, claimed in Jure uxoris by right of his second wife, Constance of Castile, whom he had married in 1371. In 1386 John departed for Spain to pursue his claim to the kingship of Castile and Leon based upon his marriage to Constance of Castile in 1371. 7 (2nd ed.). Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset and his three elder sons (the 3rd and 4th Dukes and the Earl of Dorset), all lost their lives, leaving no legitimate male heir. He was also an esquire of John of Gaunt,[2] and an extremely close friend to Queen Anne of Bohemia. First, through his legitimate male descendants the Lancasters, and then through his debatably illegitimate descendants, by his long time mistress and then third [10] After this event, the Black Prince gave John the lieutenancy of Aquitaine and sailed for England, leaving John in charge.
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